Reflexive pronouns are an essential part of English grammar, serving to simplify sentences and avoid redundancy. These pronouns are used when the subject and the object of a sentence refer to the same person or thing. By replacing the noun, reflexive pronouns make writing and speaking more concise. However, knowing when and how to use them correctly is crucial for clear communication.
In this article, we will explore the concept of reflexive pronouns, provide examples, and highlight some common mistakes to avoid. Whether you’re a student learning grammar or someone looking to brush up on your skills, this guide will give you a deeper understanding of how reflexive pronouns function in English.
What Are Reflexive Pronouns?
A reflexive pronoun is a pronoun that reflects back to the subject of the sentence. Essentially, the subject and the object of the sentence are the same. Reflexive pronouns are formed by adding -self (singular) or -selves (plural) to personal pronouns. For example, myself, yourself, herself, themselves, etc.
Reflexive pronouns are used when the subject and the object of the sentence are identical, and they can function as direct objects, indirect objects, or even as emphasis (intensive pronouns).
List of Reflexive Pronouns:
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Singular: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself
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Plural: ourselves, yourselves, themselves
Reflexive Pronouns in Sentences
Reflexive pronouns play a key role in making sentences clearer by reflecting the action back to the subject. Let’s explore how these pronouns are used in sentences, along with some helpful examples.
1. Reflexive Pronouns as Direct Objects
A reflexive pronoun can act as the direct object of a sentence when the subject and object are the same. In this case, the action of the verb is performed on the subject itself.
Example:
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I taught myself how to play the guitar.
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Here, myself reflects back to the subject I. The action of teaching is done to the subject, so myself is the direct object.
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Example:
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She looked at herself in the mirror before leaving.
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In this case, herself is the direct object of the verb “looked at,” and it reflects the action back to the subject, she.
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2. Reflexive Pronouns as Indirect Objects
Reflexive pronouns can also function as indirect objects, indicating for whom or to whom the action is done. This is typically used with verbs like give, buy, make, and prepare.
Example:
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He knitted himself a new sweater.
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Himself is the indirect object because the sweater was knitted for him.
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Example:
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Cynthia poured herself a cup of tea.
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Herself is the indirect object because the action (pouring tea) is done for her.
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3. Reflexive Pronouns as Intensive Pronouns
Reflexive pronouns can also be used for emphasis. When used this way, they are called intensive pronouns. They emphasize the subject or noun they are referring to without changing the meaning of the sentence.
Example:
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Jack made his supper himself.
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Here, himself emphasizes that Jack made his supper alone, without help from anyone else.
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Example:
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I closed the store on Saturday myself.
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Myself emphasizes that the speaker, and no one else, closed the store.
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Example:
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We ourselves were forced to pilot the boat to safety.
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Ourselves emphasizes that the group was forced to act, perhaps in a situation where others weren’t able to help.
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Tip: Intensive pronouns can be removed from the sentence without changing its core meaning. For instance, Jack made his supper himself can still make sense as Jack made his supper.
Reflexive Pronouns and the Singular “They”
In recent years, English grammar has evolved to accommodate more inclusive language, particularly when referring to people whose gender is unknown or non-binary. The singular they is now widely accepted as a gender-neutral pronoun.
While traditionally people used “he” or “she” when referring to someone whose gender wasn’t clear, using they for singular, gender-neutral references is now a standard practice. This includes using reflexive pronouns for the singular they.
Example:
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Every parent needs to take a break for themselves now and again.
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Themselves is used as a reflexive pronoun for the singular they, indicating that a non-binary person or someone whose gender is unspecified needs a break.
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Example:
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Each student should prepare themselves for the final exam.
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Again, themselves is used for the singular they, referring to a student whose gender is unspecified.
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This use of reflexive pronouns for the singular they is widely accepted by major style guides, including the Associated Press, Chicago Manual of Style, and American Heritage Dictionary.
30 Examples of reflexive pronouns in sentences:
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I taught myself how to play the piano.
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She looked at herself in the mirror before leaving.
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They enjoyed themselves at the party.
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He completed the task himself.
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We prepared ourselves for the big test.
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The cat cleaned itself after eating.
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I have to remind myself to buy groceries.
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You should be proud of yourself for completing the project.
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He injured himself while playing soccer.
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She made the decision all by herself.
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The children played themselves tired by the end of the day.
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We treated ourselves to a nice dinner.
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They managed to solve the problem themselves.
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You should take care of yourself.
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I promised myself I would be on time.
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The dog groomed itself before going outside.
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He gave himself a break after working hard all day.
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They congratulated themselves for finishing the marathon.
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I found myself in a difficult situation.
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She hurt herself during the fall.
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We prepared ourselves for the worst possible outcome.
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You will have to face yourself in the mirror.
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He took the blame himself.
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She went to the party by herself.
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The company managed the crisis itself.
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I told myself I wouldn’t forget the meeting.
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They expressed themselves very clearly during the presentation.
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You should give yourself some credit for your achievements.
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The teacher praised herself for the success of the project.
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We found ourselves at the right place at the right time.
Common Mistakes with Reflexive Pronouns
Reflexive pronouns are very useful, but they are often misused. Let’s take a look at some of the most common mistakes and how to avoid them.
1. Using Reflexive Pronouns in Compound Subjects
One common mistake is using reflexive pronouns in compound subjects. Reflexive pronouns should never be used as part of a compound subject (subject with more than one noun).
Incorrect:
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Andrew and myself will conduct today’s meeting.
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The correct form should be: Andrew and I will conduct today’s meeting.
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Removing “Andrew” would show that myself doesn’t work here: Myself will conduct today’s meeting is incorrect. It should be: I will conduct today’s meeting.
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2. Using Reflexive Pronouns Instead of Object Pronouns
Another mistake is using reflexive pronouns when an object pronoun should be used. Reflexive pronouns are for when the subject and object are the same, so using them incorrectly with other objects sounds awkward.
Incorrect:
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You may submit your expenses to Mr. Martin or myself before Friday.
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The correct form should be: You may submit your expenses to Mr. Martin or me before Friday.
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Myself is not the correct choice here, as the subject is you and the object is me.
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Tip: Reflexive pronouns should only be used when the subject and object are the same, or for emphasis (intensive pronouns). If they are not serving these purposes, object pronouns like me, him, her, us, and them should be used instead.
3. Misplacing Reflexive Pronouns
Reflexive pronouns are often misused as objects of prepositions when they don’t need to be.
Incorrect:
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He sat by himself to think.
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This sentence is correct as himself is being used properly, but the mistake often occurs when someone wrongly uses the reflexive pronoun after prepositions, like: I’ll be meeting with myself at noon. The correct version should be: I’ll be meeting with me at noon.
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Conclusion
Reflexive Pronouns are a small but powerful part of English grammar. By mastering their usage, you can make your sentences clearer and more concise. Whether you’re emphasizing actions or showing that the subject and object are the same, reflexive pronouns help you communicate more effectively. Remember, they’re not just for everyday use—they also add emphasis and can help avoid awkward repetition. By avoiding common mistakes, like misusing reflexive pronouns in compound subjects or objects, you’ll ensure your writing is polished and professional. Keep practicing, and soon, reflexive pronouns will become second nature in your grammar toolkit! Whether you’re writing an essay or just chatting with friends, reflexive pronouns will make your language smoother and more precise.