Adverb Change Chart With Examples

Adverb Change Chart With Examples

Adverb Change Chart provides a clear and simple guide to understanding how adverbs transform in different contexts, such as tense, speech, and sentence forms.

Direct and Indirect Speech

Definition of Speech:

1. The communication or expression of thoughts in spoken words.
2. Something that is spoken.

In spoken English, speech can be categorized into two types:

1. Direct Speech
2. Indirect Speech

These forms are used to convey a person’s spoken words to another person.

 

 

What is Direct & Indirect Speech?

Direct Speech: The speaker’s message is conveyed using their exact words without any changes. Example: Radha said, “I am very busy now.”

Note:

• The speaker’s exact words are enclosed in quotation marks.
• A comma or colon follows “said” to introduce the spoken words.

Indirect Speech: The speaker’s message is conveyed in our own words. Example: Radha said that she was very busy then.

Note:

• The word ‘that’ is used before the reported speech.
• Pronouns and other sentence elements are adjusted accordingly.

Components of Direct Speech: Direct Speech consists of two components:

1. Reporting Speech: The part of the sentence before the actual words of the speaker (e.g., she said, he said). Examples:
   • She said, “I am listening to music.”
   • He says, “You are an intelligent student.”
   • You will say, “I need your help.”
2. Reported Speech: The speaker’s actual words enclosed in quotation marks. Examples:
   • He said, “I got a job in college.”
   • She says, “I want to become a doctor.”
   • They said, “We play football in the playground.”

Rules for Changing Direct Speech to Indirect Speech:

1. If the Reporting Verb is in Present or Future Tense: The tense of the verb in the Indirect Speech remains unchanged. Example: Balu says, “I eat a mango.” (D.S.) Balu says that he eats a mango. (I.S.)
2. If the Reporting Verb is in Past Tense: The tense of the verbs in the Reported Speech must generally change.
   • Present Tense becomes Past Tense. Example: Somu said, “I ask a doubt.” (D.S.) Somu said that he asked a doubt. (I.S.)
   • Past Tense becomes Past Perfect or remains unchanged. Example: Arun said, “I ate a mango yesterday.” (D.S.) Arun said that he had eaten a mango the day before. (I.S.)
   • Present Continuous becomes Past Continuous. Example: Charan said, “I am going to school.” (D.S.) Charan said that he was going to school. (I.S.)
   • Past Continuous becomes Past Perfect Continuous. Example: Naveen said, “I was playing Ludo.” (D.S.) Naveen said that he had been playing Ludo. (I.S.)
   • Present Perfect becomes Past Perfect. Example: Surya said, “I have done my homework.” (D.S.) Surya said that he had done his homework. (I.S.)
   • Present Perfect Continuous becomes Past Perfect Continuous. Example: He said, “I have been studying English.” (D.S.) He said that he had been studying English. (I.S.)
   • ‘Will’ and ‘Shall’ are changed to ‘would’. Example: He said, “I will do work tomorrow.” (D.S.) He said that he would do work the next day. (I.S.)
   • Modal Verbs: ‘May’ becomes ‘might’, ‘can’ becomes ‘could’, ‘must’ becomes ‘had to/must’.

Exception: Universal truths remain unchanged in tense. Example: The teacher said, “The sun rises in the East.” (D.S.) The teacher said that the sun rises in the East. (I.S.)

Types of Sentences in Reported Speech:

Assertive Sentences:

• Remove quotation marks.
• Use the conjunction ‘that’.
• Change ‘say to’ into ‘tell’ and ‘said to’ into ‘told’. Examples:
  1. “I will work hard to get first class,” said Ramu. (D.S.) Ramu said that he would work hard to get first class. (I.S.)
  2. “You can do this work,” said Ram to Rani. (D.S.) Ram told Rani that she could do that work. (I.S.)

Imperative Sentences (Order/Request):

• Use ‘to’ for affirmative sentences and ‘not to’ for negative sentences.
• Omit ‘please’ and use ‘request’ instead of ‘say’.
• Change ‘say’ or ‘said’ to tell, request, order, command, etc. Examples:
  1. “Be careful,” he said to her. (D.S.) He ordered her to be careful. (I.S.)
  2. “Bring me a glass of water,” said the mother to her son. (D.S.) The mother asked her son to bring her a glass of water. (I.S.)

Interrogative Sentences (Questions):

• Remove quotation marks and the question mark.
• Use ‘if’ or ‘whether’ for yes/no questions.
• Use the given interrogative word for wh-questions.
• Change ‘say’ or ‘said’ to ‘ask’ or ‘enquire’. Examples:
  1. “Won’t you help me to carry this box?” I said to my friend. (D.S.) I asked my friend if he would help me carry that box. (I.S.)
  2. Mohan said to Sita, “Why didn’t you attend the meeting yesterday?” (D.S.) Mohan asked Sita why she hadn’t attended the meeting the day before. (I.S.)

Exclamatory Sentences:

• Change to a statement.
• Remove quotation marks and exclamatory marks.
• Use the conjunction ‘that’.
• Omit interjections like oh, alas, hurrah.
• Add ‘very’ to the adjective or adverb if necessary.
• Use ‘exclaim joyfully’ or ‘exclaim sorrowfully’. Examples:
  1. “Oh, what a beautiful flower that is!” she said. (D.S.) She exclaimed joyfully that it was a very beautiful flower. (I.S.)
  2. “What a horrible sight!” we all exclaimed. (D.S.) We all exclaimed that it was a very horrible sight. (I.S.)

 

Direct Speech Examples

1. She said, “I am going to the market.”
2. John said, “I will meet you at the park.”
3. Mary said, “I have finished my homework.”
4. He said, “I can swim very well.”
5. They said, “We are planning a trip.”
6. The teacher said, “Please open your books.”
7. She said, “I love reading novels.”
8. He said, “I need to buy groceries.”
9. Jane said, “I visited my grandparents last weekend.”
10. Tom said, “I will help you with your project.”
11. They said, “We are watching a movie tonight.”
12. She said, “I am feeling better now.”
13. He said, “I will call you later.”
14. The manager said, “We need to complete this task by tomorrow.”
15. She said, “I am learning French.”
16. He said, “I have been to Paris.”
17. They said, “We enjoy playing football.”
18. She said, “I want to become a doctor.”
19. He said, “I am working on a new project.”
20. The coach said, “You must practice every day.”
21. She said, “I am cooking dinner.”
22. He said, “I will arrive at 6 PM.”
23. They said, “We are leaving for vacation next week.”
24. She said, “I have lost my keys.”
25. He said, “I am reading a fascinating book.”

Indirect Speech Examples

1. She said that she was going to the market.
2. John said that he would meet me at the park.
3. Mary said that she had finished her homework.
4. He said that he could swim very well.
5. They said that they were planning a trip.
6. The teacher asked us to open our books.
7. She said that she loved reading novels.
8. He said that he needed to buy groceries.
9. Jane said that she had visited her grandparents last weekend.
10. Tom said that he would help me with my project.
11. They said that they were watching a movie that night.
12. She said that she was feeling better now.
13. He said that he would call me later.
14. The manager said that we needed to complete the task by the next day.
15. She said that she was learning French.
16. He said that he had been to Paris.
17. They said that they enjoyed playing football.
18. She said that she wanted to become a doctor.
19. He said that he was working on a new project.
20. The coach said that we must practice every day.
21. She said that she was cooking dinner.
22. He said that he would arrive at 6 PM.
23. They said that they were leaving for vacation the following week.
24. She said that she had lost her keys.
25. He said that he was reading a fascinating book.

 

Adverb change rules

 

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